The European Commission has published two new reports examining the impact of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies on teaching and learning across Europe.
The report “Friend or foe? Evidence from the use of generative artificial intelligence in learning and teaching” finds that generative AI is gradually moving from technological innovation to a mainstream tool in education and learning practices across the EU. Its impact on learning outcomes depends on how the technology is used, while its long-term effects on skills development remain unclear.
The report highlights the need for substantial initial and continuous professional development for teachers, supported by institutional guidance to promote the responsible use of AI.
The second report, “Digital education at school in Europe 2026: Bridging gaps in access, teaching and learning”, examines how European education systems are responding to digital transformation. While most have core digital infrastructure in place, differences remain in school-level access, technical support and digital learning environments.
Digital competence is included in lower-secondary curricula in almost all education systems analysed, although national or standardised assessment remains uncommon. Nearly two-thirds of education systems have developed strategies, guidance or other policy frameworks addressing AI.
The findings will contribute to the Commission’s work on the Union of Skills and the forthcoming Education Package, covering basic skills, teachers and trainers, and digital education infrastructure.
The developments highlighted by the reports may also create opportunities for European companies, including Portuguese firms, developing AI solutions, education technology, digital training and digital infrastructure for education.
